Advertisement Analysis :: Marketing Advertising Business

Advertisement Analysis The United States has some of the most intelligent citizens and some of the most advanced technologies and medicine, yet our illiteracy rate has still not diminished. According to a recent government report form The National Institute for Literacy, â€Å"There are many adults with low literacy skills (approximately 44 million) who lack the foundation they need to find and keep decent jobs support their children’s education and participate actively in civic life†. This advertisement was done to inspire people, and perhaps specifically minorities, to read, by using a celebrity influence. This work shows that reading provides new ideas and a greater depth of knowledge, by utilizing deep space and contrast. The artist conveys his or her message by creating a deep and high space. One views this photograph from a very low vantage point, so we are looking up at essentially all of the objects in this work. The lines on the right wall are vertical,and point up to the bright light above. The line from that point travels back due to the other six light in the hallway. The lights hover in space like ideas over our heads. The fashion, in which they take your eye deep into the photograph, is like the path that a story leads us down, or the path of learning that our brain follows. This representation of deep spaceis symbolic of the vastness of information there is to be gained by reading. The artist uses high contrast to emphasize lightness and darkness. The fact that there are definite and distinct light and dark areas attract one to look at it. The highest contrast of value is the lightthat is furthest away. This extremity of white against black is the focal point of the piece, and aids in creating the depth. The contrast between light and dark, are symbolic of the contrast of ignorance and enlightenment. Another way the artist captures the idea of ignorance versus enlightenment is by having Whoopi Goldberg reading in a hallway. One does not generally associate hallways with open space, but because there are a series of doorways that run on the left side of the hall, it is as if it is saying there are multiple regions of information to discover. It represents one thought leading to another. Doorways in the hall eliminate the tension in the room and really help to open it up.

Disparate Treatment and Disparate Impact

Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act provides two primary theories of recovery for individuals—these are disparate treatment and disparate impact (sometimes labeled adverse impact). This section of the Civil Rights Code forbids job discrimination based on race, color, or national origin. Members of those â€Å"protected classes† cannot lawfully be denied employment opportunities merely because they are Native Americans, black, of Vietnamese ancestry, or white, for that matter (Paetzold, 2005, p. 330). Title VII made overt, blatant employment discrimination illegal. It enforced a legal theory of disparate treatment.Disparate treatment exists if an employer gives less favorable treatment to employees because of their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. For example, a retail store that refused to promote black warehouse workers to sales positions, preferring white salespeople to serve predominantly white customers, would be guilty of this kind of discriminati on. Disparate treatment violates the plain meaning of Title VII. On the other hand, disparate impact is the discrimination caused by policies that apply to everyone and seem neutral but have the effect of disadvantaging a protected group.Such policies are illegal unless strongly job-related and indispensable to conduct of the business. Basically, the intention of Title VII was to create a level playing field by prohibiting all discrimination, given the entrenched prejudices of employers. Early disparate treatment law cases sometimes included direct evidence of this conscious hostility or intent to discriminate. Because perceivers can never know what another person actually thinks, the determination of intent required inferences arising from the other person's behavior. For example, in the early case of Slack v.Havens, (1975) four Black women claimed that they were illegally discharged because of their race when they refused to perform heavy cleaning duties that were not within their job description. Another coworker, a White woman, was excused from performing these duties. Their supervisor, Pohansky, who had ordered the women to do the heavy work, was known for making statements such as â€Å"Colored people should stay in their places† and â€Å"Colored folks are hired to clean because they clean better† (pp. 1092-1093). The court noted that these statements reflected ill motives for requiring the Black plaintiffs to perform the heavy cleaning.The statements were taken as â€Å"direct evidence† of racial animus, i. e. , conscious intent to discriminate on the basis of race. Under the law, â€Å"direct evidence† suggests that the commentary from Pohansky was the equivalent of Pohansky telling the women that they were discharged as a result of their being Black. In other words, he was aware of his prejudicial attitudes toward Black persons and consciously treated them differently as a result. The bad intent caused the illegal discrimi nation to occur, supporting a district court decision (later affirmed) for the plaintiffs.If Pohansky had not made the statements attributed to him, but had instead told the plaintiffs that they were selected because he truly believed they cleaned better than the White woman (based on his own observation), would the result have been the same? He might still have been acting out of prejudice or stereotypes, known or unknown to him, but he would not have exhibited a conscious intention to discriminate. The legal outcome would not be as straightforward. When the behaviors may reflect an unconscious or ambiguous intent to discriminate, the legal system may not recognize them as constituting illegal discrimination (Krieger, 1995).For disparate impact, Fickling et al. v. New York State Department of Civil Service (1995) provides a good example. Juliette Fickling and other plaintiffs were employed as temporary Social Welfare Eligibility Examiners by Westchester County. In 1989 and 1990, ea ch plaintiff took and failed, more than once, the civil service examination for the position of Eligibility Examiner with Westchester County. On March 15, 1991, each plaintiff was terminated because her failing test score precluded her placement on the â€Å"eligible list† for the position of Eligibility Examiner.Each plaintiff, except one, had received satisfactory to excellent performance evaluations from at least one of her supervisors prior to her termination. Initially, access to the position of Eligibility Examiner is controlled by competitive examination; the applicants must attain a score of 70 on the examination to be placed on an Eligibility Examiner â€Å"eligible list. † Plaintiffs had been employed as temporary Eligibility Examiners because Westchester County did not have an â€Å"eligible list† at the time.Temporary Eligibility Examiners may become permanent, however, only by passing the examination. Plaintiffs sued, claiming their termination due to failing the competitive exam was unlawful because the exam had a racially disparate impact on minorities and failed to serve defendants' employment goal of fair competition. It turned out that the examinations had a disparate impact on African Americans and Hispanics in Westchester County and statewide.In Westchester County, the impact ratios (% minority passing/%white passing) at the cutoff score on the 1989 examination ranged from 52.8% to 66. 2% for African-Americans and between 43. 1% and 56. 6% for Hispanics. For the 1990 examination, the pass rate for African-Americans was between 40. 4% and 50. 8% of the white pass rate, while Hispanics passed at between 25. 5% and 34. 9% of the white rate. Because the examinations had a significant disparate impact and defendants have failed to offer credible evidence that the examinations served the legitimate business goal of fair competition in civil service employment, Fickling et al. won the court battle. References Fickling et al. v. New York State Department of Civil Service (1995). United States District Court, Southern District of New York, 909 F. Supp. 185. Krieger, L. H. (1995). The content of our categories: A cognitive bias approach to discrimination and equal employment opportunity. Stanford Law Review, 47, 1161-1248. Paetzold, R. L. (2005). 14 Using Law and Psychology to Inform Our Knowledge of Discrimination. In Discrimination at Work: The Psychological and Organizational Bases, Dipboye, R. L. & Colella, A. (Eds.) (pp. 329-348). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Slack v. Havens (1975). 522 F.2d 1091 (9th Cir. 1975).

Marketing Activities Of The Non Governmental Organisation

CHARITY NAME: ENABLE SCOTLAND REGISTERED CHARITY NUMBER: SC009024 CHARITY TYPE: NON GOVERMENTAL ORGANISATION This essay will firstly critically analyse the marketing activities of the non-governmental organisation ENABLE Scotland, which is Scotland’s leading charity for children and adults with learning disabilities (ENABLE Scotland, 2015). This will be achieved through the use of various business models such as SWOT, PESTLE and STP. The information researched and discussed in depth in the first half of this essay will then be used to help develop a one year marketing plan which will then aid the organisation in reaching its main goals and objectives. With around 120,000 people in Scotland suffering with learning disabilities ENABLE Scotland strives to help and encourage every person to be able to have the choice to control and live the life that they wish to. The charities vision and mission statements are listed below. Vision Statement ‘Every person who has a learning disability will have the choice and control to live the life they choose’ Mission Statement ‘We will campaign with our members to improve the lives of people who live with learning disabilities. We will work with our customers to create personalised services that reflect our values and enable customers to achieve their goals.’ (ENABLE Scotland, 2015) The charity has three main objectives which are to ensure that people who suffer from disability receive the same opportunities in life asShow MoreRelatedTypes Of Organisation And Public Sector Organisations1116 Words   |  5 Pages P1 Types of Organisation Public Sector Organisations Private sector organisations Voluntary sector organisations. Under Private sector we have Sole traders, Partnership, Private Limited Company (LTD), Public Limited Company and the Franchise Under Public sector organisation we have, UK Government, Local Government, Executive Agencies, QUANGOs, State owned companies, Public sector organisations -These are organisations that are owned and run by the state or Government for the people and the taxesRead MoreLeading Community Businesses And Governments Admit Corporate Social Responsibility1619 Words   |  7 Pagesshould be concerned about the quality of management including people and operations. Secondly, they have to consider the character and amount of their effect on community in different fields. External stakeholders take a huge concern on how an organisation acts whether they perform well in their products, services, and society or not. Moreover they take an interest in how they care towards the workforce (Baker, 2004). The following paper demonstrates the major reasons of why businesses should takeRead More The Concept of Corporate Social Responsibility Essays1687 Words   |  7 Pagesincreasing numbers of organisations are incorporating CSR into their business operations in an effort to be seen acting as good corporate citizens, so what i s CSR what is its role in todays organizations? The term CSR refers to a company?s obligation to maximize its positive impact on society, accommodating changing social, market stakeholder pressures in an effort to achieve sustainable economic, social environmental development throughout its operations and activities. CSR puts expectationsRead MoreFactors Affecting Marketing Environment1418 Words   |  6 PagesThe market environment is a marketing term and refers to all of the forces outside of marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers. The market environment consists of both the macroenvironment and the microenvironment. Microenvironment refers to the forces that are close to the company and affect its ability to serve its customers. It includes the company itself, its suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customer marketsRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility As Risk Management1380 Words   |  6 PagesPhilanthropy The structured interview session revealed that majority of the managers (5) prefer philanthropy as a direct and â€Å"least involving† CSR strategy. These managers admitted that they channel their financial contribution to various governmental or non-governmental organizations that act as implementing agencies of various programs in the society. This support model is the most preferable CSR concept as compared to other CSR strategies that have been discussed in this paper. This has been confirmedRead MoreEssay on Codes of Practice1513 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment of our values and ethics. As we enter the workforce we align with our ethical values to our employers, their values are shown through a company’s codes of practice. A code of practice is adopted by a profession or by a governmental or non-governmental organization to regulate that profession. A code of practice may be styled as a code of professional responsibility, which will discuss difficult issues, difficult decisions that will often need to be made, and provide a clear accountRead MoreThe Social Marketing Of Australian Red Cross Organisation1870 Words   |  8 Pagesmainly focuses on the social marketing and shows how the social marketing helps the organisations to create awareness among the people. In this report, a brief detail about the organisational campaign has also been described. It has been also shown in this assignment, what kind of service messages, audience and market they have chosen in order to provide the people a better life to live. Apart from this, the strength, weakness and career opportunities of the organisations have been critically describedRead MoreMarketing Information System2688 Words   |  11 Pagesmakers. One of the ways, firm collect information is through a marketing information system. MIS is a process that first determines what information Marketing Managers need then it gather, sort, analyses, store and distribute relevant and timely marketing information system uses. The MIS system includes four important components. 1. Internal databases 2. Marketing intelligence 3. Marketing research 4. Marketing decision support system (information analysis) ExplainRead MoreTypes of Business Organisation and Ownership1626 Words   |  7 Pagesof the main types of business sectors which exists within a business organisation. There are three main types of organisation in this country: public sector and two types of private sector organisations. * Public sector Public sector organisations are run by the government for the people. Examples are government departments such as the Luton borough council which owned by the government. * Private sector Organisation is made up of: * For profit * Not-for-profit Types of ownershipsRead MoreRegulation Of Financial Institutes : Financial Institutions1344 Words   |  6 Pagesdamaged and a direct negative impact on its business and as a result the bottom-line may be there. Instead of simply campaigning directly against most of the industrial groups and lobbying governments and international organisations to issue new legislation, non-governmental organisations which are known as NGO’s are increasingly putting pressure on the financial services groups and insurance companies. This new global strategies may affect a bank s relationship with its clients and shareholders as